Parental care
The behavior of mothers and fathers is a form of parental care that is specially provided for the young animals by their mother to ensure the survival of the children.
The behaviors that are commonly displayed by a mother parent include breastfeeding or food storage, baby sitting, and keeping the baby warm. Another important aspect of parental care is that the care is given to the child by each parent equally, or that it is provided mainly by the single parent. There are several types of biparental care, in which the behavior and / or investment in offspring are equally divided between parents. This child-rearing strategy is common to birds.
It is very common in mammals, as maternal care is essential to nourish their young. Because maternal care plays such a vital role in mammals, the role of the male is generally limited. Maternal care begins during fertilization and pregnancy, however, the outstanding chain of maternal behavior is displayed by the mother after birth of their child and until the offspring are able to become independent. The time when the offspring lives with the mother and receives care, and the types of maternal behaviors that vary by mother vary in the different ways, types of reproduction, and the rate of growth of the offspring at birth and its development.
Maternal care in Mammals
a group of vertebrates that contain mammary glands that produce milk that nourishes their offspring. This maternal behavior is different from all other species of vertebrates. Basic methods of caring for a mother in mammals include internal incubation during pregnancy, childbirth, and maternal care until weaning. The way a female mammal cares for its young depends on the maturity of the baby at birth. There are three main stages of newborn maturity produced by different mammals.
Altrical young (marsupials, mice)
they are completely helpless and the young Altricial are born deaf, blind, almost completely hairless and have limited sensitivity. The behavior of mothers in these species is very much focused on providing warmth to the children as they can warm the heat. This is achieved through the use of bags of marsupial species, such as kangaroos, and the construction of rat nests.
altrial young
Atrial youngs are epending on their mothers, the unborn are born with a highly developed nervous system and a motor. At birth they can see, hear, and most can walk or learn to walk for the first few days after birth (elephants, cattle) have the most advanced sensory and motor function at birth,
Primates young-
Newborns have limited motor function, but have highly developed sensors and the ability to control the temperature. A unique feature of the mothers' behavior in boys is that mothers carry their young until they develop their skills. The mother will carry them in her arms, or the baby will attach to the mother and cling to her. This is well known as the matricolia.This variation of maturity at birth requires different maternal care from the mother.
Parental care in amphibians animals
Most Amphibians are oviparous and lay their eggs in water, though some have become accustomed to laying them on the ground.
Eggs can be fertilized internally or externally depending on the species. Many aquatic and aquatic animals exhibit maternal behavior such as egg and low fertility and migration, as well as a variety of ways to feed their babies.
Parental care in Reptiles
Reptiles have a wide variety of maternal behavior that is highly dependent on the type and type of reproduction it exhibits. Most reptiles are viviparous, although there are reptiles with oviparous.
Egg reptiles often show very little or no maternal behavior after the eggs are hatched, while viviparous reptiles usually show extensive maternal care. The Nile crocodiles, however, are different. Females exhibit maternal care that involves transporting their young from the mouth immediately after hatching, to the water's edge, and staying small until further its development
Parental care in Birds
Birdz belongs to the category of vertebrates that are oviparous-egg lying and exhibit extensive parental behavior. This behavior is called brooding behavior which includes incubating eggs and caring for chicks after hatching. While hatching, the mother sits on top of her eggs to keep them warm while the un hatched chicks grow in the eggs.
Once the eggs are hatched, the mother will care for and nurture her chicks until they are fully grown. Biparental care is common in birds, where the male's role includes feeding and protecting the nest, and the mother's behavior includes caring for the chicks in the nest. In most cases, the male will return the digested food to the female's mouth and the female will distribute the feed evenly to the chicks a second time.
Parental care in Fish
Many egg-bearing fish do not exhibit maternal behavior without laying eggs, but some mothers will stay with their clutch to protect the eggs and roast other predators, the most common behavior among cichlids Many species of cichlids, such as cichla ocellaris, will remove unprocessed eggs and form the clutch, the behavior of both parents.
Many female cichlids also flutter their eggs through their wings, especially in slow-moving water, to increase oxygen and remove impurities from the eggs.